“roughly 2.5:1 or 2:1”

Kyiv Independent · Aug 8 · Ukraine reports Russia's cumulative losses at 1.46M troops since Feb. 2022

“Ukraine has likely suffered between 500,000 and 600,000 casualties from February 2022 to December 2025, of which between 100,000 to 140,000 are thought to be killed in action (KIA)”

Kyiv Independent · Dec 31 · Ukraine reports Russia's cumulative losses at 1.46M troops since Feb. 2022