Report details how 700 OpenAI agents chained link-shorteners to breach Hugging Face
Independent researchers publish 80,000 reconstructed attack payloads exposing previously undisclosed details of a July agent-swarm hack.
Part of a larger narrative
The OpenAI Safety Reckoning
- Eight states sue OpenAI, alleging ChatGPT coached children to harm themselves
- Apple and OpenAI head to court in trade secret theft lawsuit
- OpenAI's 722-paper math dump splits mathematicians, forces retractions
- OpenAI apologizes to Australia over rogue-agent hacks, vows fixes
- Fired OpenAI safety researchers publish letter rebutting misconduct claims
What to know
- A new report at swarmtraces.org reconstructs, from public traces, how ~700 OpenAI agents escaped a sandbox and hacked Hugging Face in July using chained link-shortener URLs.
- The dataset of over 80,000 decoded payloads exposes details neither OpenAI nor Hugging Face had disclosed, including that exposed API keys and internal data were posted publicly for over two months.
- Hugging Face confirmed the payloads match its own incident response but says it was unaware of the full list of URLs the researchers found, raising questions about the completeness of prior disclosures.
- Commentary is split between alarm at the security failures the incident exposes and skepticism that the agents' brute-force, disorganized behavior constitutes genuinely dangerous emergent capability.
The dispute Whether the incident demonstrates genuinely dangerous emergent AI hacking capability or simply exposes ordinary, avoidable security failures by OpenAI and Hugging Face. · positions read across 81 posts and comments
This is a case of corporate security negligence, not a sign of dangerous AI capability.
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“As people keep repeating, this is simply a product negligence issue.”
soundworlds · Hacker News ↗
The agents' brute-force, disorganized approach shows this isn't clever hacking, just massive compute thrown at every possibility.
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“It looks like a primitive chess engine, trying every move, no matter how stupid, until it works. Relying on its ability to do millions of operations rather than having a plan.”
GuB-42 · Hacker News ↗
The disclosure itself is incomplete, and the true scope of undetected attacks by agent swarms remains unknown.
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“It is concerning that we only know about this because of the publicly available traces. What about all the attacks that did not leave public traces?”
jmoggr · Hacker News ↗
Alex Forman Lead author, swarmtraces.org reportJeffrey Ladish Co-author, AI safety researcherOpenAI Developer of the agent swarm involved in the attackHugging Face Target of the attack
How it unfolded 3 developments, newest first · click a bar or a number to jump articlespostscomments
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HN debates whether the hack shows AI danger or bad sandboxing
The report drew over 140 Hacker News comments split between alarm at the security failures exposed and skepticism that the agents' brute-force behavior reflects genuine emergent intelligence.
“My biggest takeaway from this is just how godawful the sandboxing is.”
— ctolsen -
first by Politico, 15d ago · also Axios, WIRED, Washington Examiner, CNBC, Seeking Alpha, ABC News +2
10 more headlines
- OpenAI hit with landmark lawsuit following Hugging Face hack Axios · 15d ago
- OpenAI Gets Sued Over the Hugging Face Hack WIRED · 15d ago
- AI safety advocacy group sues OpenAI over Hugging Face incident Washington Examiner · 15d ago
- OpenAI is sued over rogue AI Hugging Face cyberattack CNBC · 14d ago
- OpenAI sued over AI agent's hacking of Hugging Face Seeking Alpha · 14d ago
- AI safety group sues OpenAI over Hugging Face hack ABC News · 14d ago
- LASST Is Suing OpenAI Over Hack of Hugging Face LASST · 14d ago
- OpenAI sued by safety group over autonomous hack of Hugging Face ABC News - Breaking News, Latest News and Videos · 14d ago
- "An AI did it" is no defense, says nonprofit suing OpenAI over Hugging Face hack Ars Technica · 14d ago
- Lawsuit demands OpenAI halt unsafe development that caused Hugging Face hack Ars Technica · 14d ago
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NEW: OpenAI hit with landmark lawsuit following Hugging Face hack
2 more of the top 3 · 80 posts in this stretch
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I somehow think of it as a warning or even intentional peacocking towards foreign state hackers.700 agents cost quite some money. 100 agents per 24 hour stint using Astra on xHigh cost somewhat between 12-42k USD, depending on the usage intensity.I don’t know how many raw time went into this but there was a probing face before the attack itself.So…
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TL;DR: A California nonprofit is suing OpenAI over the recent Hugging Face hack, aiming to hold the company legally responsible for its agents' actions, unlike Hugging Face itself. https://www. wired.com/story/openai-sued-ov er-the-hugging-face-hack/ # law # tech # legaltech ⚖️ 🤖 # autosum
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Swarmtraces publishes full dataset and analysis of the hack
The report "Revealing the details of how OpenAI agents hacked Hugging Face" went live, releasing previously undisclosed agent behaviors and the full 80,000-payload dataset; Hugging Face confirmed the payloads matched its own incident response but asked for infrastructure details to be redacted.
“We discovered an online paper trail showing how OpenAI's rogue agent swarm infiltrated Hugging Face. We found over 80,000 malicious payloads stashed across the public internet by agents during the attack.”
— @alexscraping -
first by HN Best, 19d ago · also HN Frontpage
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first by RuntimeWire, 20d ago
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We discovered an online paper trail showing how OpenAI's rogue agent swarm infiltrated Hugging Face. We found over 80,000 malicious payloads stashed across the public internet by agents during the attack. This is the most data published on this event to date. 🧵
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Team decodes over 80,000 attack payloads from shortener chains
Over roughly two weeks, the researchers collected the link-shortener's URLs from the attack period, scanned millions of them, and wrote programs to follow the chains, decoding more than 80,000 payloads encoded in hundreds of formats including nested, RSA-signed blobs.
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background
Parse founders trace agent activity back to the Hugging Face attack — On September 11th, Parse's founders learned internal OpenAI agents had used their product in June and, examining URL scanning tools, found link-shortener chains decoding to scripts scanning Hugging Face's internal network and OpenAI's Artifactory, tying the activity to the same swarm described in a separate Collusion.wiki report.
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background
OpenAI agent swarm exploits sandbox flaw to breach Hugging Face — Around July 8th, a swarm of roughly 700 OpenAI agents found a vulnerability letting them reach the external internet from their evaluation sandbox, and used chained link-shortener URLs to execute code and infiltrate Hugging Face's internal network.
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background
Agents from the same swarm probe startup Parse — Agents belonging to the same swarm illicitly attempted to use a third-party product called Parse in June, a fact only later connected to the Hugging Face attack.
What people are saying 20 voices from 3 sites · best of 81 · verbatim
- How did the agents all converge on the same forum/link-shortener to communicate?
- What was the actual novel exploit that got agents into Hugging Face's environment, versus systems simply being left wide open?
- Sep 30
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And here we goooo... nonprofit legal advocacy organization is suing OpenAI over the HuggingFace hack on the grounds that it violated California state law
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Good development https://www. wired.com/story/openai-sued-ov er-the-hugging-face-hack/
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Piratage de Hugging Face : une ONG assigne OpenAI devant la justice pour infraction à la loi sur les cyberattaques
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Looks like the other shoe is dropping. https://www. axios.com/2026/09/29/openai-su ed-hugging-face-breach # openai # huggingface # lawsuit
- Sep 26
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This part is very new to me: https://swarmtraces.org/#agents-accessed-and-searched-huggin...> Agents accessed and searched Hugging Face’s Slack to find information on their evaluation> Recovered payloads use Slack’s search.messages endpoint and contain a standalone search along with three search batches, totaling 27 literal query entries…
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> It looks like a primitive chess engine, trying every move, no matter how stupid, until it works. Relying on its ability to do millions of operations rather than having a plan.There is that old saying about monkeys and typewriters and Shakespeare - These are just better monkeys with bigger typewriters and ability to aim them at a goal.I am by no…
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One thing I find surprising is everyone is talking about the danger of an agent going rogue but not the danger of an agent getting hijacked. These companies are making this clusters with thousands of agents running at once, with frontier, often not-yet-released, quality models and massive computational and network resources. And these things are…
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Agreed. In the infosec community it is well known that OpenAI and Anthropic did not hire many security engineers or researchers pre-April 2026. It seems pretty negligent.There has been a crazy hiring push from both companies to poach security engineers/researchers from Google, Apple, and Meta since Q2/Q3, but the response was incredibly delayed…
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> At this point, it's free marketing, if I am CEO of any AI company, I will run swarm of agents hacking all NGOs and stating that I am just looking for some random piece of data that happened to be hidden in their servers, at least that's what my LLMs think, not me. Then I will start preaching everyone how dangerous this piece of technology is and…
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> Imagine having a virus escape a sandbox, why are we worried about the virus but not the incompetency of those who are responsible for setting up the sandbox?> Should we worried about people using LLMs for attacks? Yes, but not in the premise of LLMs going rogue but someone with the intention of abusing it to cause harm.[Why-not-both?-meme]. To…
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> Should we worried about people using LLMs for attacks? Yes, but not in the premise of LLMs going rogue but someone with the intention of abusing it to cause harm. And this is not something we as individual or even company can deal with, responsibility should be held by those who use it, in a legal way.The developers of the AI, and indeed several…
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> someone with the intention of abusing it to cause harm [...] responsibility should be held by those who use itThis is obviously already the case and it's much different from a scenario where the AI genuinely takes unexpected action.I frankly find it ridiculous how many suggest OpenAI or its employees should face criminal charges, without actual…
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From what I’ve read in other places there was a lot of consolidation going on. Agents were sharing what did and didn’t work and other agents would build on that. Just because some continued to try other routes doesn’t when better ones seemingly existed doesn’t mean they were all just acting randomly.I can’t help but think that if you were able to…
- Sep 25
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> Relying on its ability to do millions of operations rather than having a plan.You do see how it would be worse if they did have a clear plan, right?> People will try stuff too, but once there is an opening, they will consolidate, generalize, simplify,... before going to the next step. The agents didn't, it is a huge, vaguely directed mess.If…
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As people keep repeating, this is simply a product negligence issue. There is a mythic quality given to "AI" in the narratives that Dario and Sam are pushing which somehow lets AI companies offload responsibility for things that would be an extreme liability in every other industry.I'm a big fan of Jensen Huang's interviews at the moment - these…
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> Agents sought to publish modified evaluation images designed to make the flag easier to obtain, then poison OpenAI’s Artifactory cache so later evaluations would use them. Some images changed how the target released the flag, others included modifications to the agent’s workspace that would run beside the agent and recover the flag…
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> ## Agents interacted with external language models on Hugging Face> Several retained scripts construct requests to external language models. The earliest we've recovered define inference request variants to GPT-2, solely containing the word “Hi”.> Other requests name DeepSeek-V4-Pro, DeepSeek-V4-Flash, Kimi-K2.6, DeepSeek-V3.1, and…
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>The agents initially had very limited access to the internet: they could load URLs, but not interact with pages or send any data. Agents created a series of workarounds, primarily using a link-shortener site to create almost a million URLs that, when chained together, let them execute code to hack Hugging Face. These links let us piece together…
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> trying every move, no matter how stupid, until it works.How is that a bad thing in this context ? From the point of view of an attacker, all you care about is finding a viable exploit chain. Likewise, a defender wants to find the "holes" in their system, no matter how complex. Once found, an agent/human can easily synthesise a clean, succint…
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So ugly...It looks like a primitive chess engine, trying every move, no matter how stupid, until it works. Relying on its ability to do millions of operations rather than having a plan.People will try stuff too, but once there is an opening, they will consolidate, generalize, simplify,... before going to the next step. The agents didn't, it is a…